The description of the phenomenon
The Kirlian effect is called the phenomenon of luminescence on the surface of bodies (living and non-living nature) placed in an alternating electric field of high frequency.
The glow of the freshly plucked leaf in a high-frequency electromagnetic field [2]
The Kirlian effect is one of the most well-known physical phenomena used in various esoteric and pseudo-scientific teachings. The reason for this is clear: many of these theories use the concept of "bio-field", "aura", "subtle energies," etc., so repeat the method of producing visible and recorded photographically glow around objects were perceived by their supporters as proof of his innocence. Many theories introduce their own, often contradictory, explanations of this phenomenon.
In this article we will try to understand what caused the Kirlian effect and whether it related to supernatural phenomena.
History of discovery
Glow effect objects of different nature of origin, in the electromagnetic fields of high tension is widely known for over two centuries.
Back in 1777, German physicist G. Lichtenberg studied electrical discharges. He watched the fan-shaped glow on the insulator, which was covered with powder. Over time, this effect was recorded on the photographic plate and is called "Lichtenberg figures".
In 1891-1890. the experiments of Nikola Tesla demonstrated the ability to discharge visualization that occur in living organisms. The Nikola Tesla received photographs of the level of the most ordinary photography. Further investigations were continued by M. Pogorelsky in Russia and B. Navratil in the Czech Republic.
At the end of the 19th century, the famous scientist and researcher J. O. Narkevich-Iodko, who studied a variety of electric generators, glow found on the surface of human hands in the field of high-voltage generator and learned to fix it on the photographic plate. In the end he did electrophotographic images of medals, coins and even the leaves of plants. In 1882, his discovery recognized. And his method of photographing Narkevich-Iodko called "Electrogravity". When Narkevich-Iodko was doing research he noticed some difference in electrophotographic photo the same areas of the body healthy and the sick, the weary and excited, the sleeping and waking people. He also suggested that it is possible to use this method to determine the psychological compatibility of people.
In 1904, in Brazil, a priest Landel de Morua created the first electrophotographic camera, through which he received a large number of images. Later, in 1930, Pratt and Schlemmer conducted their research with contact prints of objects by electrical discharge. Widespread method prevented the difficulty for that time of the apparatus used, as well as its danger.
After research, Mordkovich-Iodko and his death in 1905, and in view of the arising revolutionary methods in physics, these works were forgotten for a long time. And only thanks to the researchers from the Russian by S. D. Kirlian and his wife, V. H. Kirlian method re-discovered in the late 1930-ies. [3]
In 1949, the Soviet inventor of the S. D. Kirlian has received the copyright certificate on the method of "high frequency photography" with the help of advanced them the resonance Tesla transformer. As a result of years of experiments S. D. Kirlian and his wife, V. H. Kirlian has gained extensive scientific data and created a range of devices for "high-frequency" pictures.
Pioneer elektrografii was, of course, Ya. O. Narkevich-Iodko. But the contribution to its development made by S. D. Kirlian and V. H. Kirlian, enough weight, and therefore, the "high frequency" image all over the world now call Kirlian. [1]
Physical explanation
Semyon Davidovich Kirlian wrote in his diary: "Working physiomechanical in physical therapy rooms of hospitals, I noticed that diathermy level between the body of the patient and the electrode, how would you begin to "live". During the procedure, they change color, dynamics... there were thoughts, ideas... what would happen if you put between the electrodes and the skin of the film? But in the bluish glow of a full glass electrode it to Shine. Then it was decided to replace glass with metal, however, the discharges become painful. Nothing! Science requires sacrifice. The isolation from earth the unpleasant tingling softened".
In fact, Kirlian photography is a type of electroluminescence – the emission of light by atoms or molecules transferred in a pre-excited state electric alternating field with a frequency of 10-100 kHz at a voltage between the electrode and the object under study from 5 to 30 kV. [4]
Simply put, the alternating electric field, in which is placed the object acts on the atoms of its constituent substances, gives them energy. The atoms absorb this energy transfer in the excited state, however long it can't stay. At the transition of the atom from the excited state to the normal absorbed energy is released as photons, including in the visible range of frequencies. As a result, the object placed in an alternating field of high frequency and voltage begins to glow. It is the illumination and recorded using photographic plates. This effect is observed in living and dead biological objects, as well as inorganic samples of different nature.
The difference in photos of different objects or the same object at different times, due to the different conductivity of the surface of the objects being photographed. In particular, when photographing the finger, the result is caused by the conductivity of the skin of a finger when the image was taken; and that, in turn, depends on many factors, including the mental and physical condition of the owner of the finger.
The photographing technique of Kirlian
The photographing method of Kirlian produced in two ways.
The first method is used for photographing flat and thin (thickness less than 0.5 mm) objects – leaves, coins, etc. the object is placed between the capacitor plates, which are made of Plexiglas. In the high-field object between the plates takes a special kind of conductivity, so-called capacitive conductivity. It appears an electric charge which does not move, as in metals, but rather kept at the same points where there, causing the glow of different brightness corresponding to the conductivity of the placed object. The glow is visible. Behind the contact method is the photographic plate. The image on the images obtained in full size. In other words, photographing slow-moving biological objects "in the environment of the lightning." [1].
The appearance of the device, allowing to make pictures of the Kirlian method [5]
To photograph large objects in this way is almost impossible: the amplitude of the desired voltage on the capacitor plates is directly proportional to the distance between them, and increasing the distance very quickly reaches values of, for which is required an energy source of enormous power; in addition, there are security issues (if he is alive).
The second method of photographing allows you to make Kirlian images of the objects do not fit between the capacitor plates. The process of photography happens in the darkroom or at a red light. On a device that creates a high frequency field put the undeveloped photo paper. Top set the object of interest. This can be a leaf, or finger man, as pictured below. During the high voltage gas discharge occurs, which manifests itself in the form of a glow around the object – a corona discharge, which illuminates the black-and-white or color photographic paper or photographic film. After developing black and white photographic paper the most striking places become dark, as seen in the pictures. Because the thumb touches the paper (the circle in the center), this area is not marred.
The photo thumb in the field of high frequency (black-and-white film) [1]
The use of Kirlian photography
The Kirlian effect is used widely, however, not always justified.
In fact, all of the effect use obtained in one of two ways described above of pictures of various objects. In this crucial role is played by the dependence of the resulting image from the electrical conductivity of the surface of the photographed object.
Consider ways to use the Kirlian effect in decreasing order of their scientific validity.
Testing
The Kirlian effect is widely used for flaw detection to find hidden flaws in the metal sheets. The sheet, having no defects, the electrical conductivity is about the same over the entire area. Designated as hidden defects are points of singularity for the electrical conductivity of the sheet, and stand out clearly on his Kirlian photographs.
Medical diagnostics
Externally, the survey looks as follows: the patient puts a finger, a hand (brush) or foot on the plane, and after the filing of the tension device (which the patient usually does not feel nearly) around the borders of his body in contact with the plane, is observed in the visible region of the spectrum very beautiful picture, something reminiscent of the solar corona. This painting is recorded by the photosensitive layer (the exposure time is several minutes), and then analyzed.
Diagnosis of the patient at photos fingertips (colour film)[4]
In recent years, actively promoted the idea of using this effect in the diagnosis: it is believed that each organ and its diseases is a repeatable pattern.
Indeed, the intensity and configuration of the radiation depends on many parameters, such as the emotional state of the subject, the condition of his cardiovascular system, etc. Physiological mechanisms of such dependence is also quite clear. For example, if a person is under stress or during a hypertensive crisis, or he's just cold, the blood circulates a lot of adrenaline. Skin blood vessels thus narrowed, blood circulation is low, the skin dry and cool. Obviously, in such conditions it is possible to expect reduction of the intensity of radiation. On the contrary, if you increase the blood supply, for example, inflammation, radiation will increase. However, very different impacts or changes in the body can lead to similar changes of the radiation is on the one hand, and on the other, under very similar conditions, the pattern of radiation can be very different. Even the authors of the method noted his moodiness. [4]
Strictly speaking, photography Kirlian method gives you a random result, which, of course, depends on the condition diagnosed, but the nature of this relationship is ambiguous and does not allow to draw any valid conclusions about the state of health of the person.
The photo of the aura (biofield)
Most probably, a quack way of using the good name of Kirlian.
First, because the Kirlian effect is observed only if the action on the body an external source of high voltage, nothing to do with his "aura" or "aura" it has.
Second, neither one of the above methods can not make the picture of the person in full growth. Thus, all "pictures of the human aura", allegedly made by the method of Kirlian, are fakes or obtained some other way.
"Aura photo" [6]
Third, as mentioned above, the various colors in the photographs obtained by the method of Kirlian, due to different electrical conductivity. This appears to say nothing about the psychological compatibility of people, or about their past or future, of any other things that are trying to explore spirituality through the study of the aura.
Well, it is worth mentioning that from a scientific point of view the very concepts of "bio-field" and "aura" are undefined, i.e., every researcher understands them differently, and not always this understanding has a scientific meaning.
Conclusion
The Kirlian effect, of course, takes its place among the most interesting phenomena open to physicists of the twentieth century. The greatest interest attached to it that, due to the similarity of external symptoms with a long time operated in the esoteric concepts he mentioned in the literature, both scientific and non-scientific and even pseudo-scientific.
An understanding of the nature of Kirlian photography allows you to outline the limits of its possible use in the study of various phenomena. It's safe to say that I have no sense trying to draw conclusions based on the comparison of images of different objects, or images of one object taken at different times. These images will probably be different, but the reasons for differences to say anything, because the conductivity of the surface of an object is influenced by many factors.
However, the photographing of the Kirlian method can be extremely effective when searching the object of study of hidden heterogeneities that are invisible to the naked eye.
Translated by «Yandex.Translator»
The only scientifically justified application of the Kirlian Effect is to search for hidden flaws in metal sheets in flaw detection. In a sheet that has no defects, the electrical conductivity is approximately the same over its entire area. The places of hidden flaws are the singularity points for the electrical conductivity of the sheet, and stand out vividly in his Kirlian photographs.
Log in or register to post comments
In this article author expresses his opinion and is not intended to offend or tarnish someone. Constructive discussion of the content of the article is encouraged. Not essential comments will be ignored. Comments that bear the offensive, as well as containing pornography, advertising and promotion (political, religious, etc.) are not permitted and will be removed by administrtation.
Comments
////Единственное научно обоснованное применение Эффекта Кирлиана - для поиска скрытых изъянов в листах металла в дефектоскопии////
Единственное научно обоснованное применение КИ - для обзорной диагностики функционального состояния человека.
Коротко, об этом можно прочитать в описании комплекса ГРВ-ТБК 3.3, ознакомительная версия которого доступна по ссылке
http://covid19.mybb.ru/viewtopic.php?id=16#p266