Features picture of the stages of research NOF

At different stages of the study, the NOF may occur the necessity of capturing the various important objects, their characteristics and properties. For these purposes, perfectly photos and movies, able to convey not only the overall situation, but also by such characteristics of the object or terrain that is difficult to describe with words. All this helps to keep initially the important circumstances of the accident or to capture details, the significance of which is revealed in the research process.

Photography and videography are used by researchers at the stages of investigation and study of the phenomenon. Below we take a closer look at the circumstances and methods of shooting.
The investigation into

In the course of investigating a

Before the photographer arrived on the scene, there are three key objectives:

• to ensure maximum compliance snapshot visual impression for all its characteristics;
• to make it possible to detect objects, terrain, etc. the features and details that are missed by a cursory inspection;
• keep the overall picture of the scene and its circumstances so that it is easy to recall.

Methods of shooting a scene unexplained fact similar to forensic photography. [1] Usually at the scene of fact, use such techniques out of the pictures as a guide, overview, detail, detailed photography, and shooting from different points.

Orienting the photographing is carried out with the aim of capturing the scene in General, with coverage of the environment and landmarks. Such images performed with a considerable distance of the camera from the captured object. In the case that it is impossible to cover in one shot the whole object, then use a wide-angle lens, which allows to significantly expand the boundaries of the frame without removal of survey points or the method of panning.

Overview photography is the photography of the scene, without the environment.

Hub photography – a survey of individual subjects, the most important parts of the situation of the scene.
Detailed photography is used for capturing the traces of the incident, details of the object attributes closeup (e.g., traces). It uses a scale bar, which is placed next to the photographed object.

Items are located in the center of the frame symmetrically to its limits, and the length along the long side. Auxiliary elements (scale bar, direction arrows) are installed in the free space of the frame without disturbing its symmetry. A ruler placed parallel to one side of the subject, usually more.

When shooting delicate subjects range lay in the same plane with the object. When photographing three-dimensional objects, it is either on a level plane with the most characteristic parts, either in the plane where the object has a maximum size.

Shooting from different angles allows you to get the most relevant information about the captured object. Performing photographing with multiple points, you need to choose the right angle so that the subject did not appear on the images in two planar projections.

Thus, the shooting of the scene of the fact is made from the overall picture to the small details.

To implement the tasks entrusted to photographer, can be used variations of background and illumination.
Lighting. When taking a General view of the objects used in all types of lighting: ambient, directional and mixed.

The background should be uniform (without distracting details) and neutral with respect to the object. In this capacity, they use leaves a clean smooth paper, white, gray, or black. Neutral is the background, the tone of which differs from the peripheral portions of the object that provides the clarity of its contours.

The uniformity of the background is achieved uniform lighting.

A video can replace or complement the photography. In the case of replacement, the quality and amount of information should be the same as when shooting still images.

Operator of video by a smooth transition from plan to plan with the use of such techniques video, as pan, zoom (zoom) and zoom out (decrease zoom), allow one to accurately show the location of the detection object characteristic General and particular features and capture behaviors interview witnesses, victims and other participants in the process that slipped would with other methods of fixation.

The study of the phenomenon

In research activities, pictures and videos may be useful to study samples taken from the scene of the fact, as well as experiments.

The research survey is done by a specialist in the laboratory and in the pilot of the expedition, with the use of special equipment and appropriate techniques. The choice of specific means and methods depends on the studied objects and placed before the research tasks such as:

1. the current record of the experiment;
2. identifying details of the small size of the object, invisible to the naked eye;
3. identifying inaccessible to the ordinary view of the details with little contrast with the surrounding background;
4. identifying details invisible in normal lighting.

To commonly used methods include:

• Closeup – view of photos, film or video, a feature which is obtaining images of the object at the scale of 1:2 to 20:1. The actual lens creates an enlarged image of the subject on any photosensitive material is photographic film, photographic plate, photographic paper, film or on an electronic device (matrix digital camera or camcorder, Vidicon TV camera).
• Micrograph – tech photos of small objects with high magnification, usually using the microscope.
• Photographic contrast enhancement – processing method of processing a photographic image, which allows to achieve effect of the sensation of greater sharpness by increasing contrast tonal transitions.
• Color separation – the process phase of the playback color image in which the light of complex spectral composition is divided into several monochromatic halftone components, each of which contains information only about one color or another parameter of color space.
• Photographing in the rays of the invisible range of the spectrum is one of the physical methods of research of objects of examination. Ray of light of invisible range of the spectrum, most commonly used infrared, ultraviolet and x-ray.

These and other methods of photography and video allow for a detailed record of what is happening during the examination of the scene of the fact and of the experiment, as well as help the researcher to identify items that could significantly affect the course of the study, but may not be seen by them due to various reasons.

Translated by «Yandex.Translator»