| Added | Thu, 06/10/2016 |
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When the objects are out of focus, their silhouettes blurred and poorly recognizable. They can look like dark or colored translucent stain. This is often the cobwebs, spiders, insects in front of the camera.
There is also an effect which distorts the shape of the light source or objects under blur. It's called bokeh. This blur effect, which is observed on the part of the photo being out of focus. Form it completely depends on the shape of the diaphragm opening. At maximum aperture almost all fixed lenses give a smooth "hole" aperture. When you close the diaphragm, its petals form all sorts of patterns. This is usually polyhedrons, depending on the number and shape of aperture blades. There are different forms of the diaphragm opening: "washer", "washer" and "circular saw", squares and even triangles. Also, with the aid of pads on the lens (thick end cap with a slot), you can make this blur of arbitrary shape (e.g. hearts, stars, disk, etc.).
Separately worth mentioning about the side in the form of "bagel". Outside the focal zone, each point of light becomes a disc. Any visual image of a point source has the form of circular spots, with the brightness it is distributed unevenly. At the edges of the brightness is usually more than in the center.
By design, the cameras have a mirror-lens telephoto lenses will give an image of the rings ("bagels") Praskiej for point light sources since the energy diagram of the scattering spot is the decline in the center.
Also, sometimes the bokeh in the pictures have strange artifacts such as dots, spots, lines, grooves, concentric rings, etc Is dirt, moisture, chips and damage on the front, rear and internal lens. The dirt that is seen on the side is not displayed on objects in the zone of sharpness.
The pattern of rings in the disk of the blur is often called "onion rings". These rings arise not because of aberrations and due to the presence in the design of the lens aspherical elements or diffraction. They are observed in the bright areas of confusion.
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Rollei Carl Zeiss Planar 85mm f1.4 HFT with a triangular aperture
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The aperture in the lens, Nikon Nikkor 105mm 1:1.8 (AI-S). Gives the side in a polygon
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"Onion ring" bokeh due to the presence of aspherical elements in the design of the lens. At the top of the side at the center of the frame below the periphery of the frame. Left — open diaphragm, to the right is covered with two stops.
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Bokeh (light from a lamp) through a plug with a cutout in the shape of a classic UFO.
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Blue bead on the fishing line outside the camera focus.
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Snow out of focus camera shot with flash.
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Bokeh shot with the dirt on the glass lens.
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Bokeh shot with water drops on the glass of the lens.
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The side shot the lens with a dirty glass.
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The dirt on the glass outside the camera focus
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A bright object in the center of the frame is a scratch on the tinted glass of the car (through which was removed from the landscape). The blur turned out due to the focus on the background, and the color correction due to the white balance, expose for the clouds.
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An out-of-focus bee that accidentally flew into the frame
Posted by u/Wholly_Bloke
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