SPOILERS
| Added | Mon, 11/09/2017 |
| Release date | 1835
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| Original title | Вий
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| Феномены | |
| References | Н. В. Гоголь Вечера на хуторе близ Диканьки. Миргород М.: Художественная литература, 1978 г.
Николай Гоголь Вий СПб.: Издание А. Ф. Маркса, 1901 г.
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The mystical story of Nikolai Gogol, first published in his collection "Mirgorod" in 1835.
In the story, the author used the ideas that existed at that time about witches and evil spirits, which brings the relationship of the heroes of the narrative and the reader closer to the mystical phenomena occurring in the book.
The behavior of evil spirits in front of religious symbols (a cross and a prayer) is not characteristic of Orthodox Christianity: evil spirits in the church are not afraid of crosses and other attributes nearby, however, like a witch, weakens when Homa reads prayers, and does not see that in a circle outlined with consecrated chalk.
At the same time, evil spirits are frightened by the rooster's cry, which marks the dawn, the beginning of a new day and since pagan times symbolizes the victory of light over darkness. In Slavic culture, the rooster is also a "fighter against evil spirits" (the riddle "twice born, never baptized, and the devil is afraid of him" has reached our days). According to the ideas of the ancient Slavs, evil spirits have the opportunity to be on the Ground from midnight until the first roosters. This idea has also passed into the Orthodox Christian tradition. It is believed that the heavenly gates are closed at night and open with the first heavenly matins (one of the services of the daily circle in the Orthodox Church, performed in the morning), which the rooster hears and notifies the district about it.
In the story "Viy" (N.V.Gogol, 1835), evil spirits are frightened by the rooster's cry, which marks the dawn, the beginning of a new day and since pagan times symbolizes the victory of light over darkness. Interestingly, in Slavic culture, the rooster is a "fighter against evil spirits" (the riddle "twice born, never baptized, and the devil is afraid of him" has reached our days). According to the ideas of the ancient Slavs, evil spirits have the opportunity to be on the Ground from midnight until the first roosters. This idea has also passed into the Orthodox Christian tradition: it is believed that the heavenly gates are closed at night and open from the first heavenly matins (one of the services of the daily circle in the Orthodox church, performed in the morning), which the rooster hears and notifies the district about it.
Three students went on vacation, but on the way they got lost in the dark and asked for overnight accommodation on a remote farm. One of the students, Homa Brutus, by the strange will of the old mistress, got a place to sleep in the barn. Before going to bed, an old woman came to him, jumped on top of him and rode through the fields and gullies. At first, Homa was fascinated (he was under hypnosis in a confused state of consciousness), but then he somehow got scared, realized that he was getting tired and began to read prayers. The witch's spell weakened, then Homa himself jumped on top of the old woman and began to beat her with a log. By morning, the spell finally broke, and the old woman turned into a beautiful girl who fell to the ground in complete exhaustion. Homa guessed that it was a witch, and decided not to return to his friends.
Homa Brut, shocked by what had happened, decided to return to Kiev and spend the holidays in an empty hostel. However, a few days later he received an order from the rector to go to a certain rich centurion to read prayers over his dying beautiful daughter. Homa, suspecting that this was connected with his recent adventure, tried to escape, but to no avail.
Pannochka is dying, and Homa needs to read funeral prayers over her in the church for three nights.
On the first night, the deceased got out of the coffin and began to look for Homa. But he drew a circle around himself with chalk on the floor so that the evil spirit could not do anything to him. Then she climbed into the coffin and began to fly around the church, but she never found Homa. The cock crowed and finished the witch's attempts.
On the second night, the witch also tried to break through the circle in the coffin, on which she flew around the church, but again she failed. She began to say incantations and some creatures began to scratch at the shutters of the church. Everything was interrupted by the crowing of a rooster.
On the third night, the witch summoned a huge number of monsters to the church, and those brought Viya to see Homa. Homa felt that it was not worth looking into his eyes, but he could not stand it, and looked. Immediately Viy pointed his finger at him, and the evil spirits attacked Homa, and he died of fear. The evil spirits did not have time to leave the church before the third rooster crowed and, rushing out of the church, got stuck in the windows and doors.
The other two bursaks, discussing the death of Khoma, claim that if he had not been afraid and had not looked into the eyes of Viy, he would have been saved.
Phenomena in artwork: Spontaneous spontaneous combustion of a person
Spontaneous combustion in the story is found in the story of Spirita on psará Mikita:
As soon as the maiden, I used to look at it, and the reason from the hands of let, Robbery calls Bromcom, stumbles, and knows what he's doing. Once the maiden came to the stable where he was cleaning horse. Let says Mikitka, I can't stand my leg. And he, the fool, and glad: he says that not only the leg, but she mount me. The maiden raised her leg, and as he saw her naked, full, and a white stem, that said, Chara and stunned him. He, idiot, bent his back and, grasping with both hands her naked feet, went to ride like a horse around the field, and where they went, he had nothing to say; only returned barely alive, and since then has iscobol all, as a twig; and when the time came to the stables, instead of it, there was only a pile of ash and an empty bucket: burned completely; burned by itself. And that was the kennel master, what in the world is not to be found.
Stories with human combustion is quite rare in the literature, and eyewitness accounts. Here there is an interesting clarification that Mikita didn't burn up after the interaction with the witch, and the first "dry".
Translated by «Yandex.Translator»
Phenomena in artwork: Werewolf
In the story "Viy" lycanthropy is the ability of the witch-ladies. It becomes, for example, in the old woman at the beginning of the narrative, or the dog from the story Dorosh (or rather, the dog she was like only in the first moments, but its behavior is clearly different from human):
And in the cradle that hung among the houses, lay the annual child don't know male or female. Shepchikha lay, and then hears that the door is scratching the dog howls and as though from the house run. She was scared; because women are such stupid people that stick out to her in the evening from behind the door language, and the soul to the heel. However, well thinking, let me hit in the face with the damn dog, maybe a cease to howl, and, taking up the poker, went to open the door. She did not a little to find how the dog ran between the legs and directly to her child's cradle. Shepchikha sees that this is not a dog, and the young mistress. And besides, I already Pannochka in this form, as she knew it would have nothing; but here is the thing, and the fact that she was all blue, and his eyes burned like coal. She grabbed the child, pierced his throat and began to drink his blood.
The behavior described above is more suitable for a vampire, ghoul or ghoul than usual for us now a werewolf. It is worth noting that at the time notion of these creatures were extremely close. One thing is for sure - for the average person, the young mistress definitely did not like.
The story also says that "the witch in the form of stacks of hay came to the door of the hut; the other stole a cap or tube; many girls in the village cut off the spit; the others drank a few buckets of blood." Such transformations are often referred to the true stories of encounters with witches, which was formed the basis of this work. In the novel these stories are used as evidence of demonic, magical origin ladies and serve the purpose of creating in the reader the state of suspense, anxiety ("suspense" – eng. "suspense") before the home goes to the dead woman.
Translated by «Yandex.Translator»
Phenomena in artwork: Viy
Tions, which gave the name to the novel, can be attributed to unknown mystical beings.
In East Slavic mythology, this character from the underworld has eyes covered with huge eyelids and eyelashes (V (Ukr.) - lashes), his look kills. He refers to the Slavic underground gods.
According to Gogol, Viy is a character of folk tales, however, neither the Ukrainian nor the Belarusian or in Russian fairy tales is not found (at least under this name).
In the novel he is described thus:
And suddenly there was silence in the Church; was heard in the distance the howl of a wolf, and soon he heard heavy footsteps sounded through the Church; glancing sideways, he saw that are some stocky, burly, clumsy person. Was he in the black earth. As wiry, strong roots, jutted out his buried feet and hands. Heavily he moved, constantly stumbling. Long eyelids were lowered to the ground. Noticed with horror Homa, which face was on it iron. Brought him under the arms and put directly to the spot where stood a home.
— Lift up my eyelids: don't see! said underground voice the Wii and all the Assembly rushed to raise his eyelids.
The collector of Slavic folklore A. N. Afanasyeva can be found the tale of Ivan Begovic, in which there is a character with a similar description:
The old man lying on the metal bed, sees nothing: long eyelashes and thick eyebrows completely close my eyes. He called twelve mighty heroes and become them to order:
— You take an iron pitchfork, lift up my eyebrows and eyelashes are black, I can see that he's the bird who killed my sons.
According to E. Dmitrieva, for the image of Viy Gogol borrowed some features of the pagan God Veles.
Contemporary true stories and eyewitness accounts of this image is not found.
Translated by «Yandex.Translator»
Phenomena in artwork: Servodata
Supernatural powers in the story "Viy" is the young mistress was a witch. So, it subdues the will Homa to ride it:
The philosopher wanted to push away her hands, but, surprisingly, noticed that his hands can't get up, his legs did not move; and he saw with horror that even the voice sounded from his mouth: words without a sound moved on the lips. He had only heard how they had fought his heart; he saw how the old lady came to him, folded his hands, bent his head, jumped up with the quickness of a cat to his back, hit him with a broom on the side, and he's Bouncing like a little saddle horse, carried her on his shoulders. It all happened so fast, that the philosopher could hardly recover and grabbed with both hands himself over my knees, wanting to keep his feet; but they, to the great astonishment of his, was rising against her will and made a jump Circassian faster runner. When it had passed they farm and they opened smooth hollow, and the side stretched black as coal, wood, then he said within himself: "Hey, this witch."
Among the ideas about witches and sorcerers of that time often there are ideas about flying. In particular, the true stories of the Slavic peoples, there are stories in which the witch in your or someone else's appearance (for example, pigs or dogs) jumped on the back of a man to jump on him like a horse and even fly.
Also Pannochka levitated in a coffin in the Church in search of Homa Brutus:
Finally the coffin suddenly fell from his seat and whistling began to fly throughout the Church, baptizing in all directions the air. The philosopher seen him in almost over my head, but saw that he could not catch circle, outlined them, and strengthened their spells. The coffin fell to the middle of the Church and remained motionless. Again the corpse rose from it, blue, green. But at the time he heard the distant cry of a cock. The corpse fell into the coffin and closed the coffin lid.
Translated by «Yandex.Translator»
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