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Theory and experiments of Soviet scientists explain the origin of the mysterious disk-shaped formations in the atmosphere and ocean.

About "flying saucers" heard it all. Some saw them. And many believe that it is not that other, as the ships mysterious aliens watching the development of the earth civilization. This topic was already a lot of movies, funny jokes and more outright speculation. Well-known and tragic cases, when in a nervous pursuit of the phantom "flying saucers" killed the pilots, unable to cope with the management of the aircraft.

"Cymbal boom", do not cease, in fact, so far, began in the USA in 1947, when American businessman Karl Arnold in a business flight on a private plane near mount Rainier, the second highest in the continental United States, have you noticed any strange objects. "I distinctly saw their outlines in the snow, as they approached the mountain, he told the journalists. They flew very close to the mountain tops... like geese stretched out in a line, like a chained... for About three minutes, I watched as the chain-like plates of objects, which stretches at least 5 miles, maneuvered between the high mountain peaks. They were flat as pans, and, like a mirror, reflected the rays of the sun. I saw it all quite clearly and distinctly."

This post attracted widespread attention, and after a brief period of critical-humorous attitude of the press suddenly turned into the first "Bacillus" real "cymbal epidemic" that swept the entire globe. Mysterious "plates", later called UFOs - unidentified flying objects began to notice a lot of people. Came the first interpretation. Said it was weather balloons, flying at high altitude aircraft, meteors, kites, wind-blown Newspapers, the traces of the planes, just the product of hallucination. Finally, spread rumors - this is the aircraft the Russian, who de managed to achieve excellence and technology and now watching secret objects USA.

All reports of "flying saucers" began to record the air forces of the USA and checked by government officials. As it became known, about 80 percent of the cases are easy deciphered (balloons etc.), and 20 percent were classified as unexplained. Analysis of these remaining 20 percent of scientists showed that in the majority of cases witnesses have faced various kinds of optical phenomena in the atmosphere and the observed object can not be a Soviet secret aircraft. "The first real "flying saucer" was a famous satellite launched by Soviet scientists on 4 October 1957", - said the famous American astronomer, Professor D. Menzel, in a Chapter written for the Moscow edition of his book "About "flying saucers", released in 1962 and largely lost in the actual playing so far.

Sober analysis has paid an increased interest in the military "flying saucers", but not appeased the passions of the General public. Remember the ancient story Chronicles, the Bible, and it turned out that the "saucer" observed from time immemorial.

Began the era of space travel has given a new direction "a plate of the epidemic". Rooted opinion that we are like "ants", see the alien ships, having the form of plates. There were reports of "eyewitnesses" (and then, of course, not upheld) various accidents and disasters of these space ships. He saw the dead little green men. Others, however, was inhabited by the "plates" beautiful athletes two and a half feet tall.

Psychologically, the persistence of the myth about the alien origin of "flying saucers" is easily explained by people's faith in the mysterious, wonderful, mysterious. It has existed since ancient times, apparently, and will remain in the future. Only changed and will change the objects of that faith. Disappear "plates", there will be something else. This fight hard, and maybe useless. Therefore, all further written for people who are able to perceive the explanation of this phenomena using logical, backed up by experimental reasoning, not blind faith in aliens.

The question mark has always been a stimulus for progress in science. And sooner or later it gives way to a quiet period at the end of someone's hard work. Well-known Soviet scientists - Director of the Institute of Oceanology, USSR Academy of Sciences, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences A. S. Monin and head of the theoretical division Professor G. I. Barenblatt, was able to explain how the atmosphere and oceans can appear mysterious disc-shaped education, which are perceived as the notorious "flying saucers".

Aquatic and aerial shell of our planet represent a stratified environment, or, simply, a kind of "layer cake". But the "pie" kind - are in continuous motion.

If you pour a glass heavy liquid, and the top is lightweight and will shake, you will see that sway is not only the upper open surface, and interface. The same thing will happen with the "cocktail" of three, four liquids with different densities. Waves generated at such boundary, called internal. These waves penetrate the entire thickness of ocean waters and atmosphere. So here they are, just as superficial, can fall.

The decaying waves many of us were diving, relaxing on the sea. A British oceanographer John woods and dived into the crest of the internal breaking waves. In the summer around the island of Malta, he has tinted the water a fluorescent dye and photographed paintings hulling.

When the internal steep wave bends and then collapses forms a "spot" of the mixed liquid, in which particles are captured by two layers - top and bottom from the interface. Due to the intense mixing during the breaking of the waves the density, temperature and other specifications in this spot as would be averaged, and it becomes homogenized, with, for example, a constant density of water. The resulting spot, which now differs in its characteristics from the surrounding environment begins to blur.

Barenblatt and Monin engaged in the study of the regularities of spreading stains mixed fluid in a stratified (layered) medium. They managed to find a mathematical equation that describes the propagation of mixed stains, changing its thickness. It was already familiar to science, the so-called equation of nonlinear heat conduction. It is not easy. There are numerical methods of its solution with the help of computers.

Applying one such method, an employee of the Computing center of the USSR E. I. Tikhomirova found a striking feature of the development of mixed stains. Whatever the initial beam spot shape in plan (top view) we take: square, triangle, cross it first becomes round and then beginning to fade, keeping its circular form. This greatly simplifies the equation and allows you to find the exact solution. It turned out that the spots in the sides of the appendage-like brim of a hat, and gradually it turns into a disk. Spreading the mixed liquid is very slow. Hundreds of times slower than the blurring of familiar white tracks high-altitude aircraft in the blue sky.

When there is a simple theoretical formula, they should be checked experimentally. The Institute of Oceanology, doctor of physico-mathematical Sciences K. N. Fyodorov and his staff, A. G. Zatsepin, S. I. Voropayev, A. M. Pavlov created for this experimental setup. In a vessel with a stratified fluid they created a "speck" of mixing and watched it blurry. Hundreds of experimental points lay on the theoretical line characterizing the process of spreading. The experimenters tried to prevent the initial spot become circular. But whatever they did, they could not, like mathematics and calculators!

Now, let us turn to a characteristic property of the air and water of the oceans, turbulence (in Latin the turbulent and disorderly). These chaotic movements of gas and liquid will be different inside the "spot mixing" and outside it. Outside the particle density at the bottom more than the top. Turbulence, heavy particles lifting up and lowering down light, uses it's energy. And in the "spot" of particles are mixed, the density is constant, and these expenses out of power. So inside the "spots" of the turbulence must be much higher than in the environment. It is, in fact, long-lived "spinning tops".

Experimentally this was confirmed by American researchers, recording atmospheric phenomena on the tower, located two kilometers from the coast in the Atlantic ocean near new York. On the vertical drop of 140 meters, they measured the velocity fluctuations of the air flow, getting a kind of "slice" of the atmosphere. On one of the heights began shelling of internal waves. And after some time there is the speed of the pulsations reached meters per second, while outside the "spot mixing" she was only centimeters per second.

So, really within air masses there are much turbosound and sharply bounded region of disc-shaped form.

What if this "plate" will meet with falling particulate matter, simply, of dust? If the speed of their fall to Earth will be greater than the speed ripple of chaotic motion in the "plate", they slip through. But if, on the contrary, there will be more speed surge, they will get into "plates" and will remain there. Thus, the "plate" is a trap for atmospheric aerosols. And when they accumulate a lot, the air drive will no longer be transparent - you can see it! Just as, for example, on a Sunny windless day it is perfectly visible cloud of particles lifted from the pavement and the turbulent captured image of the tram.

What is reliably known about "flying saucers" on the set of "intersecting" the data of many observers and photos? First they have the proper disc shape with a characteristic bulge in the center that makes these items similar to two plates, folded together bottoms out. Secondly, these things fly. Thirdly, their mission has very specific characteristics - they are able to develop great acceleration, easy to do sharp turns, and suddenly disappear.

All this is easily explained in terms of a Barenblatt and Monin. Atmospheric "discs" is in fact the air in the air. The mass of the trapped particles is negligible. Therefore, a relatively light blow to give a "plate" the great acceleration. This "plate", like a speck of dust is the toy atmospheric currents. If it will accumulate a lot of dust particles, it will begin to decline, slightly swaying like an autumn leaf. Due to the gradual spreading plate turns into a pancake, and there comes a time when turbulence is not enough "forces" to support its sustainable existence. This education is destroyed and mixes with the surrounding air - that's you and the mysterious "disappearance" plates allegedly with superluminal speed (which, of course, nature may not be for material objects).

Confirmation of this theoretical work was received by a Soviet cosmonaut G. M. Grechko. During the 96-day space flight, he and the Board of "Salyut-6" studied the stars twinkling in the sunset over the horizon of the Earth, as "dip" them in the depth of the atmosphere. It turned out that the nature of this flickering well due to the existence of diskogenic formations in the atmosphere predicted by Soviet theorists.

The last time they were read several reports, and the scientific community welcomed this is a reasonable explanation for at least a large number of the phenomena which are attributed to an extraterrestrial origin. It certainly does not cover all cases of different atmospheric phenomena that are mistaken for "flying saucers", but also explains the most typical. It is a sober scientific explanation did not satisfy only the followers of the cult of the alien nature of the "saucers".

"Cymbal fanatics" claim: well, let's just say that the atmosphere and ocean have a natural plates, but they can't be in space, where there is emptiness. And there see the astronauts! The notorious three other "tarelochnymi" usually refer to the observation of Georgy Grechko. I must say that the "blame" to become the cosmonaut himself, or rather, his penchant for practical jokes.

Somehow, looking out the window of the "Salyut-6", he saw the Stroy of brilliant points, which was flying a parallel course. The sight was eerie. Grechko called Yuri Romanenko.

"So it's a speck of dust!" - once solved the "mysterious" phenomenon Romanenko.

The entire station is covered with "fur coat" screen-vacuum thermal insulation consisting of multiple layers of very fine metallic foil. Micrometeorites whipped the foil, are formed of separate pieces. While exercising on the treadmill the whole station is shaking, and the pieces are separated from the skin. When they depart from the station, then they can be mistaken for "flying saucers". Grechko decided to play a trick on friends.

When he flew away from the Land, he warned them: "We are in flight escorted "flying saucers," if you see something don't be afraid." He, of course, did not believe, laughed. A couple of days Grechko decided to show them the "plates" in the flesh. While the guests were elsewhere engaged, he, banging his fist on the Board, knocked out eight pieces of foil, then waited until they depart for the wings of solar panels, so that the eye could not catch their proximity to the station, and called his comrades to the window:

- Admire. So the formation they're flying. Closer than a kilometer, is not suitable.

Station out of tena planet. Against the dark Earth and sky the pieces of foil, illuminated by the Sun were brilliant and were perfectly visible. And if you don't know they're coming, you'd think: see away large objects. One of the guests rushed for the binoculars.

Grechko warned to watch yourself and not allow you disappear with superluminal speed.

Indeed, when the guest returned with the binoculars, "plates" was not.

Grechko knew that as soon as the station goes on the illuminated side, the light reflected by the Earth, "scores" glow pieces of foil. They are only visible at the time of exit from the Earth shadow. But to explain, as he usually does, that simply played his comrades, he did not. Only asked once to tell Sevastyanov. Vitaly Ivanovich was familiar with this "trick", and Grechko believed that he will explain everything, laugh and just. But Sevastyanov was on vacation. Clarification was not given. And while Grechko and Romanenko flew in space, the story of "eyewitnesses" flew to Moscow and began to walk in the country. Until now, this "irrefutable fact" is used in lectures "tarelochnymi". Like, Grechko was forbidden to speak now and he did not confess.

- Take this opportunity - told me Grechko, telling this story, I want to get the pages "News" to say that neither I nor any other Soviet astronauts real "flying saucers" were observed. Talking about "flying saucers" we will not be banned. We just didn't see them.

"Tarelochnymi" claim that American astronauts saw alien ships on the moon. Cosmonaut Nikolay Nikolaevich Rukavishnikov - the participant of the program "Apollo-Soyuz" specifically asked Thomas Stafford: "is it True?".

Stafford said no - nothing like that happened. It is a fiction. And their negative attitude to the "saucers" American astronaut expressed by resorting to the known expressiveness of the Russian language.

Recently in Australia began to enter a kind of journal "Speculations in science and technology". The editor of this magazine in the brochure says:

"Yes, now there is a journal for your speculative work. General, detailed and interdisciplinary work across the physical, medical and engineering Sciences accepted by Dr. Hansom from the Western Australian Institute of technology in Perth".

But then a note is: "Articles on unidentified flying objects and extrasensory perception (the now fashionable psychics) are not considered."

The work of Barenblatt and Monin, was published in the "Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences", the most respectable scientific journals of our country, because it provides a coherent explanation for observed natural phenomena. And this is a more reasonable position than the editor of a specialized magazine of speculative. It seems that our publishers could produce books on "flying saucers", at least to republish the already mentioned book by Menzel with a new Preface. "A plate epidemic" you can stop only calm, evidence-based publications.

Translated by «Yandex.Translator»